Abstract
A definition of transpersonal psychology is discussed with an emphasis on the application of experiential education in regards to transpersonal experiences. The implications of experiential education with adolescents in relation to the human stages of development are also considered.
Keywords: transpersonal psychology, transpersonal, experiential education, adolescents, human stages of development.
Experiential Education in Transpersonal Psychology
Definition
Transpersonal psychology (TP) is a multicultural bridge into the unknown - allowing for unity and an integrative balance of duality and non-duality between all people, all species, and all levels of awareness. As a field of study, it blends psychology and spirituality - giving it a holistic approach that can be translated to “human consciousness studying itself” (Drury, 1989).
A core principle of transpersonal psychology is practice. Through meditation, shamanic journeys, ritual, wilderness rites of passages, psychedelics, visionary work, and other contemplative and experiential practices, transpersonal psychology pushes the envelope in terms of what is “real” or not - and applies reason to what is not, necessarily, reasonable. Although the roots of such practices stem from various world religions, spiritual, and wisdom traditions, when taken into a scientific account, desires and what is “attainable” become a logo for who we are and who we are becoming as a whole. Looking at life and human consciousness through a non-linear and non-dualistic lens, applying both quantitative and qualitative research methods, and “digesting” experience as a part of a larger world-view brings a new perspective, a perspective that reaches beyond the personal, to the field of psychology and science.
Application of Experiential Education with Adolescents
If our concept of reality (our own subjective and objective world-view) is molded by our experiences, yet we are taught that what is experience-able (reason-able) is reserved, solely, to the five senses (Assam, 2010) then what is attainable is retracted to what is known only through a linear association. However, with the direct application of transpersonal psychology through an experiential educational process that is implemented in early childhood, there is the potential to transcend the limits of our five senses and our common (4th dimensional) understanding of Self through the guise of separation.
How can experiential education deepen the understanding of transpersonal psychology? To start, we can look at the early stages of development in which Piaget concludes that the ego is formed during the pre-operational stage (2-6 years of age) (Sigelman, Carol and Rider, Elizabeth pp 46). During this stage, thinking is not yet logical and perception is limited to an egocentric view in which the child is unable to take on another’s perspective. This formation and continued progression of conceptual understanding takes root in the concrete operational stage (7-11 years of age) and must be formed before the “need” for transcendence can occur. A sense of separation is established and with this sense of separate-self comes a universal “need” to unify and bond with what seems beyond (outside of) recognition.
Abraham Maslow (1970, p. 46) addressed these “needs” by stating that “humans share physiological and safety needs with all other animals, and humans share belongingness and love needs with higher animal species, but humans alone desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming.” Thus, the human potential is motivated through wanting and/or needing to self-actualize which, in turn, can lead to self-transcendence.
Potentials and Limitations with TP and Adolescents
For this reason it seems imperative, to me, to integrate practices, dialogue, and related transpersonal processes to adolescents as soon as the ego is developed so that their sense of separation doesn't keep working on the “separateness state” that we live in today, as adults. If there is an underlying system of support offered from the parental and societal figures in a child’s life during this formation and transitional shift of consciousness from pre-operational to concrete-operational development, I believe that children can have the capacity to live with mindfulness in a way that mirrors the connection they share with the Earth, their community, peers, and all living things by the time they reach the formal-operational stage of adolescent egocentrism (puberty).
Personally, I remember feeling the presence of spirits in my room around the age of seven. The distinction of what was “real” and what was outside of my understanding of reality was a fine line. There was still a theme of innocence that opened channels of communication between the idealism I was raised in and the authenticity I could feel within my Being. But to allow our innate experiences to manifest into a tangible phenomenon, support is needed. This is where experiential education can play an important role. It is also the role of transpersonal psychology which works to “explore, exploit, and explain transpersonal phenomenon, making real what is not real to our inherent awareness” (Assam, 2010).
With open hearts and the educational foundations acquired to access their inner knowing, children can be guided through proper reflection techniques, wilderness excursions, and anything that is conducive to their individual and group learning “needs” within the experiential learning realm. However, possible problems can arise if the area of support the child is offered is not advantageous to the child’s learning capacity or degree of understanding. Pushing a child to “experience” something (specifically, transpersonal) that they are not ready for could prove detrimental to their learning process. With suitable precautions and preparation established for each individual and/or group experience, the experiential education process could, essentially, help to instill values that outweigh any habitual patterns learned from the child’s prior his-story (her-story).
Conclusion: Resurrecting the Authentic Self
If we, as a western society, can begin to embrace the implications of resurrecting the probability of living an authentic life, then the change must begin from early childhood – when the ego is identified and the separate-self is formed. Transpersonal psychology and experiential education work, together, as a conduit for the exploration of our limitless potential and thus, create a path to our pursuit of happiness, to our deepest desires extending beyond desire itself, yet honoring human necessity in the process.
References
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Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality (revised ed., p. 46). New York: Harper and Row.
Sigelman, C., & Rider, E. (2006). Life-span human development (6th ed., pp. 46-47). Belmont,
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